How do vaccines work?

This article is an element one in an exceedingly series of explainers on vaccine development and distribution. This text focuses on how vaccines work to safeguard our bodies from disease-carrying germs. Part two focused on the ingredients in a very vaccine and therefore the three test phases. Part three outlines the subsequent a part of the vaccine journey: the steps from completing the trial phases through to distribution.

The body's natural response

A pathogen is a bacterium, virus, parasite or fungus that can cause disease within the body. Each pathogen is made up of several subparts, usually unique to that specific pathogen and the disease it causes.

Vaccines Antibody illustration 01_29 Oct https://www.who.int/images/default-source/vaccines-explained/vaccines-antibody-illustration-01-29-oct7f4a97bd839b4b6996c82c1832a52682.jpg?Status=Master&sfvrsn=d0d1dc56_7

How vaccines help

Vaccines contain weakened or inactive parts of a particular organism (antigen) that triggers an immune response within the body. Newer vaccines contain the blueprint for producing antigens rather than the antigen itself.

Vaccines Antibody illustration 02_29 Oct

Herd immunity

When someone is vaccinated, they are very likely to be protected against the targeted disease. But not everyone can be vaccinated. People with underlying health conditions that weaken their immune systems (such as cancer or HIV) or who have severe allergies to some vaccine components may not be able to get vaccinated with certain vaccines. This is called herd immunity.

Herd1 https://www.who.int/images/default-source/vaccines-explained/herd1.png?Status=Master&sfvrsn=62c2f66a_47 Vaccines topic 1 illustrations 04

https://www.who.int/images/default-source/vaccines-explained/vaccines-topic-1-illustrations-04.jpg?Status=Master&sfvrsn=72e55c08_2

Throughout history, humans have successfully developed vaccines for a number of life-threatening diseases, including meningitis, tetanus, measles and wild poliovirus.

Mukhambethazhy Aday MT-1903

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